Drought has been a major contributor to the deterioration of Tunisia's water resources in recent years, resulting in a severe water crisis with significant negative impacts on both the economy and the population's well-being. This study investigates the underlying causes of this crisis, with a focus on its effects on agricultural activity and drinking water supply, as well as its broader socioeconomic repercussions. It highlights the interlinked consequences of the crisis for food security within the context of Tunisia's struggling economy and underscores the direct role of the National Water Distribution and Exploitation Company. This analysis of data from diverse sources reveals the profound impact of the current drought period (2020-2023) on water resources and the state of water storage infrastructure, further intensifying Tunisia's water scarcity. The shortage, exacerbated by crisis management measures, has affected agricultural production and disrupted consistent water supply for the population, with these challenges further compounded by Tunisia's deteriorating economic and social conditions.