Intelligence and Decision-Makers in the Arab World: Diagnosing the Relationship and Democratic Governance

Volume 6|Issue 11| Oct 2025 |Special Issue

Abstract

​This paper examines the evolving relationship between political decision-makers and intelligence services in the Arab world, historically regarded as tools of authoritarian control. Focusing on the post–Arab Spring period, it assesses whether democratic norms and principles of security sector governance have influenced this dynamic. Analyzing cases from Morocco, Egypt, Tunisia, and Algeria, the study reveals that intelligence agencies remain largely politicized, lacking independence, impartiality, and effective institutional oversight. These conditions hinder meaningful reform and perpetuate a model in which intelligence services serve the interests of ruling elites rather than democratic accountability. Despite the promises of transformation following the uprisings, the findings indicate that structural and behavioral changes within intelligence institutions have been minimal. As a result, intelligence governance in the region continues to reflect authoritarian legacies, with limited progress toward aligning with democratic standards and best practices.

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Louay Abdelfettah (Corresponding Author)

​Research professor at the Faculty of Legal, Economic and Social Sciences, Mohammed I University, Oujda, Morocco.​

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