This study examines the relationship between institutional management and political will in decision-making processes related to water resource management, with a focus on Syria as a case study. It aims to identify the mechanisms and dynamics that have undermined—and continue to threaten—water security. The study highlights the need for policymakers to mitigate these harmful factors when formulating future water policies aimed at preventing resource depletion. The study reveals that the primary motivation for political interference in water resource management-including institutional reforms, the centralization of political control over the judiciary, and the circumvention of water management laws- has been the pursuit of political support and/or personal enrichment through corruption. This interference has led to decreased efficiency in water resource utilization, accelerating depletion, and posing a significant threat to water security. Additionally, it has encouraged the rise of "crony capitalism" within water resource management. To address these issues, the study advocates for establishing an institutional framework that safeguards the autonomy of water management from political influence while strengthening the role of local communities in protecting water resources.