This study investigates online behaviour and social media use among Palestinians in Israel during Israel’s war on Gaza, which began in October 2023. Drawing on theories of self-censorship and the spiral of silence, it employs quantitative analysis based on an online questionnaire distributed through snowball sampling to 150 respondents. The findings indicate that 70 per cent of participants reported changes in their social media behaviour after the outbreak of the war, especially avoiding the sharing of content or the expression of opinions online due to fear of arrest, legal consequences, and other forms of sanctions. Such avoidance was more prevalent in mixed Jewish-Palestinian online groups. Chi-square tests reveal significant associations between changes in social media activity and the adoption of cautious behaviours. Additionally, awareness of the Counterterrorism Law was associated with changes in contentconsumption patterns. Overall, the findings point to a context in which perceived political risk contributes to heightened self-censorship and the restriction of online freedom of expression.