This study explores the root causes of food insecurity in the Arab countries, highlighting the links between agricultural production and population growth. It examines how political and economic policies, particularly neoliberal policies, have reshaped agriculture—from subsistence farming for local consumption to export-oriented commercial farming—making the sector more vulnerable to climate change. The findings show that these policies have intensified climate-related pressures on water and land resources, compounding the challenges posed by demographic growth. Increasing dependence on food imports further heightens economic vulnerability amid global geopolitical shifts. The study recommends adopting an integrated approach to food security, emphasizing sustainable agricultural practices to ensure the longterm preservation of natural resources, reduce social inequalities, and secure reliable access to food for all social strata.​​​​