​This study examines the range of health risks facing individuals in Tunisia, focusing on the worsening burden of recurrent diseases and the potential emergence of new ones driven by climate change. It explores the dimensions of the national health strategy adopted by the government to adapt to these transformations and assesses the extent to which it responds to climate pressures, particularly in the areas of health risk management and strengthening the preparedness of the health system. The study also evaluates the effectiveness of the measures taken, especially in the fields of epidemiological surveillance and the performance of the public health system, highlighting the obstacles they face. Drawing on previous experiences, including the West Nile fever outbreak and the COVID-19 crisis, it identifies shortcomings in epidemiological monitoring, delays in governmental response, structural imbalances, and rising demand for health services. The study further underscores the limited role of the private health sector during crises and concludes with the need to revise policies to better support the public health system both in human and logistical capacities and to develop surveillance systems in ways that enhance resilience and reduce the costs of adapting to health risks.